Author(s):
Kristina Menzel



Title:
Everyday versus event-based violence against first responders: A comparative mixed-methods analysis

Abstract:
This article compares everyday violence against first responders with event-based violence, using data from the AMBOSafe survey on routine attacks and qualitative case files from the New Year’s Eve 2022/2023 incidents in Germany. The findings suggest that everyday attacks tend to be more individualized, localized, and embedded in routine service interactions, whereas event-based attacks are characterized by collective dynamics, heightened emotional arousal, and shifting configurations of control and vulnerability. Moreover, the symbolic meaning of violence varies: in routine encounters, violence often reflects situational frustration or conflict, while in event settings it is more likely to be interpreted – though not necessarily intended – as a challenge to state authority.

S. 39-56